{"id":2353,"date":"2021-07-01T12:28:26","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T12:28:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/makersground.com\/?p=2353"},"modified":"2021-07-26T16:13:50","modified_gmt":"2021-07-26T16:13:50","slug":"test-article-iot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/makersground.com\/ar\/test-article-iot\/","title":{"rendered":"The robotic farm of the future isn\u2019t what you\u2019d expect"},"content":{"rendered":"

When we think about automation, we often imagine robots just\u00a0doing<\/em>\u00a0the work of humans. Our mental image is of an android in overalls, clocking in with a lunchbox full of oil and bolts, and grabbing a hammer. But that\u2019s not what happens. The reality is much messier, and the process of automation is one of compromise and incremental progress.<\/p>\n

Agritech startup Iron Ox is the perfect example of this. After launching in 2015 with the aim of automating the hard work of growing produce, the company unveiled its first \u201cautonomous\u201d production farm last week. In 8,000 square feet of indoor space (roughly 0.2 acres), its engineers use proprietary robot systems to grow roughly 26,000 heads of lettuce, leafy greens, and herbs each year in hydroponic vats. The company says it should start selling its crop in \u201cthe next couple of months,\u201d and it will be targeting restaurants first.<\/p>\n

But, as co-founder and CEO Brandon Alexander explains to\u00a0The Verge<\/em>, despite the \u201cautonomous\u201d moniker, humans still play crucial roles in this farm. They are the ones who plant each seedling and package the finished product. Robots just aren\u2019t ready to do it all.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Getting to even this level of automation took years of work to navigate the constraints of modern robotics, says Alexander, who previously worked at Google\u2019s research lab X and at influential robotics incubator Willow Garage. \u201cThere\u2019s a huge difference between your equipment working one time for a video and it working every day,\u201d he says. \u201cMost people outside of robotics underestimate just how big that gap is.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hydroponics has a lot of advantages over traditional farming. It uses less water, it\u2019s completely sterile, and it\u2019s much more space-efficient. (Iron Ox claims it grows 30 times more produce per acre than a regular farm.) But it also requires more labor. In the sort of hydroponics system that Iron Ox uses, each plant has to be transferred one by one through a series of different growing vats based on its rate of growth. It\u2019s this simple task \u2014 moving plants \u2014 that has been the focus of Iron Ox\u2019s automation efforts.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe bulk of the cost [in hydroponic farming] is all those touchpoints,\u201d says Alexander. \u201cLabor is over 50 percent of the cost to grow right now. If you\u2019re indoors, there are no tractors, no nothing, so it\u2019s a very manual product.\u201d<\/p>\n

To overcome this, Iron Ox developed two robotic systems. The first is a porter: a 1,000-pound wheeled bot named Angus that moves pallets of seedlings around the warehouse in their hydroponic growing vats. The second is a robotic arm (currently unnamed) that picks up individual plants and moves them from vat to vat. All of this is overseen by a computer program (nicknamed \u201cthe Brain\u201d) that monitors the growing conditions in each pallet and adjusts their balance of gases and nutrients for optimal growing conditions.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Alexander says it was a huge amount of work just to get to this level, reeling off a list of problems the team faced. There was the lighting, he says, as Iron Ox had initially planned to use all LEDs for growing. \u201cBut that results in electricity bills that are simply too expensive. So, going forward, we\u2019re betting on more traditional greenhouses augmented by LEDs.\u201d<\/p>\n

There was also a myriad of robotic challenges in developing things like leaf detection for the robot arm so it doesn\u2019t drag plants through one another when moving them, and designing Angus to accelerate and decelerate at gentle rates so it didn\u2019t slop growing medium out of the vats. \u201cThe best motivator for engineers to solve that problem was having to clean up the water afterward,\u201d says Alexander.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/youtu.be\/m_RXm119XPM<\/a><\/p>\n

Overcoming these technical problems was tricky, but it\u2019s nothing compared to the challenge that the company now faces: cost. If Iron Ox\u00a0truly<\/em>\u00a0wants to change farming, it needs to compete on price with modern outdoor farms that have been optimized over the past century to produce incredible amounts of produce as cheaply as possible.<\/p>\n

Jonathan Gill, a robotics researcher at Harper Adams University and co-founder of the\u00a0Hands Free Hectare<\/a>, an automated farming project in the UK, says this will be difficult. Only \u201cminimal amounts\u201d of the global agricultural industry have been automated to date, says Gill, simply because it\u2019s not \u201ceconomically viable\u201d to do so. The robots aren\u2019t good enough, human labor is cheaper, and those equations aren\u2019t going to change just for Iron Ox, he says. \u201cIt\u2019s just not necessarily the most efficient method of growing food for the world.\u201d<\/p>\n

But, says Gill, Iron Ox has other advantages. \u201cThey\u2019re always going to be able to market it as a premium product,\u201d says Gill. \u201c[Their produce] is completely organic, has little to no human input, and they can claim it\u2019s fresher and has fewer food miles than competitors.\u201d<\/p>\n

They can also grow closer to customers and adapt their crops to last-minute changes in demand. \u201cHere in the UK, we had a very hot summer, and as soon as it passed 30 degrees [Celsius], the lettuce\u00a0stopped growing<\/a>,\u201d says Gill. Supermarkets went through a salad shortage, but in that sort of situation, Iron Ox will be able to \u201cguarantee a market push-through for large customers.\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Alexander mentions the same benefits and says Iron Ox farms will be located near urban centers and will easily adapt to the whims of the market. But he also claims they\u2019ll compete with big farms on price \u201cfrom day one.\u201d This first farm will sell greens to small customers first, but Alexander claims they\u2019ll be selling to big chains by 2019.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur ultimate goal is not to sell produce to bougie grocery stores,\u201d says Alexander. \u201c[Our rivals] are huge outdoor fields, and if we can\u2019t compete with them, we\u2019re always going to be a niche player.\u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Iron Ox\u2019s robots grow leafy greens in hydroponic vats, but humans are definitely needed
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